En este trabajo se propone una posible solución antirrealista a la paradoja de la explicación. Esta propuesta está en línea con la posición instrumentalista de Reiss (2012b, 2013) pero va más allá: se propone una posición inferencialista normativa de la explicación. En primer lugar, mostraré algunos aspectos fundamentales del inferencialismo en el contexto de la explicación, y luego, mostraré cómo una posición inferencialista respecto a paradoja de la explicación se reduce a aceptar las siguientes tres proposiciones: 1. los modelos son (...) verdaderos en el sentido de explicaciones verdaderas, 2. los modelos explican y 3. sólo las explicaciones verdaderas explican. Esto expresa una solución a la paradoja en tanto es perfectamente posible aceptar cada una de las tres proposiciones. (shrink)

La extensión universitaria es una de las vías en las que la Universidad demuestra su carácter de centro cultural de suma importancia para el desarrollo. En el artículo se valora su importancia e impacto en la sociedad; definiciones del concepto de extensión y de los modelos que poseen en la actualidad un arraigo en la vida de las instituciones de educación superior, estos últimos responden a diversas posturas ideológicas y concepciones acerca de la relación que debe existir entre la Universidad, (...) la sociedad y los sectores involucrados. Se analizan tres conceptos directamente relacionados con la temática de manera determinante: cultura, pertinencia y desarrollo sostenible. University extension is one of the ways through which the university shows being a very important cultural center for guaranteeing the development. In the following article its relevance and impact in the society is assessed; as well as the definition of the concepts of extension and the models that nowadays are very deep-rooted in the life of the high education institutions. These models respond to the different ideological positions and conceptions related to the relationship that must exist between the university, the society, and the sectors involved. Three concepts directly related to theme of the work are analysed in a determining way: culture, pertinence, and sustainable development. (shrink)

This article presents a scientometric study regarding entrepreneurship and its relationship with wellbeing. The study presents a systematic review and measures impact and relational character to identify the relevance of countries, research organizations, and authors in the field of entrepreneurial wellbeing. The study poses the following research questions: What is the nature of the evolution of scientific knowledge in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What is the nature of the concentration in terms of geographical distribution and co-authorship level of knowledge production (...) in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What are the knowledge trends in knowledge production for entrepreneurial wellbeing literature? The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, in terms of methodology, it contributes study into the use of a more robust approach to search for the scientometric trends about entrepreneurship wellbeing in addition to the PRISMA review tools and the PICOS eligibility criteria. Secondly, the study presents research updates in the search for results for the last 2 years of knowledge production. This upgrade is particularly important in a research field that presents exponential growth, where 2019 and 2020 presented almost double the amount of knowledge production compared to 2017 and 2018. (shrink)

Jose Marti contributed greatly to Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain with words as well as revolutionary action. Although he died before the formation of an independent republic, he has since been hailed as a heroic martyr inspiring Cuban republican traditions.

What are the grounds for the distinction between the mental and the physical? What is it the relation between ascribing mental states to an organism and understanding its behavior? Are animals and complex systems vehicles of inner evolutionary environments? Is there a difference between personal and sub-personal level processes in the brain? Answers to these and other questions were developed in Daniel Dennett’s first book, Content and Consciousness (1969), where he sketched a unified theoretical framework for views that are now (...) considered foundational in cognitive science and philosophy of mind. -/- Content and Consciousness Revisited is devoted to reconsider the ideas and ideals introduced in Dennett’s seminal book, by covering its fundamental concepts, hypotheses and approaches, and taking into account the findings and progress which have taken place during more than four decades. This book includes original and critical contributions about the relations between science and philosophy, the personal/sub-personal level distinction, intelligence, learning, intentionality, rationality, propositional attitudes, among other issues of scientific and philosophical interest. Each chapter embraces an updated approach to several disciplines, like cognitive science, cognitive psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive psychiatry. (shrink)

This paper explores the genesis of the concept of time, analysing how the initial methods, techniques and institutions employed by early human groups to measure environmental changes became increasingly aligned with human activities, thereby forming the basis of our modern understanding of time. Adopting a discontinuous materialist perspective, this work posits that complex ideas like time often have simple technological origins. We introduce the term chronogenetic institutions to describe the early mechanisms used by human groups for measuring world transformations before (...) having a clear concept of time. These chronogenetic institutions are grouped according to the cyclical phenomena they represent, primarily natural occurrences such as the movement of celestial bodies, changing weather patterns, and seasonal variations in flora and fauna. This study challenges the view that temporal concepts were purely theoretical at their inception, highlighting that they initially emerged and spread through institutional practices in social contexts. It promotes a refined understanding of time’s complexity, advocating for a transition from a singular “Nature Time” to a conception of multiple temporalities, constructed both socially and technologically. Furthermore, it advocates for an objective and pluralistic examination of early human groups’ initial attempts to synchronise their activities with the changing and unpredictable world around them. (shrink)

From the most prominent thinkers in Latin American philosophy, literature, politics, and social science comes a challenge to conventional theories of globalization. The contributors to this volume imagine a discourse in which revolution requires no temporalized march of progress or takeovers of state power but instead aims at local control and the material conditions for human dignity.

Winston Churchill said of democracy that it was ‘the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.’ The same could be said of liberalism. While liberalism displays an unfailing optimism with regard to the capacity of human beings to make themselves ‘masters and possessors of nature’, it displays a profound pessimism when it comes to appreciating their moral capacity to build a decent world for themselves. As Michea shows, the (...) roots of this pessimism lie in the idea – an eminently modern one – that the desire to establish the reign of the Good lies at the origin of all the ills besetting the human race. Liberalism’s critique of the ‘tyranny of the Good’ naturally had its costs. It created a view of modern politics as a purely negative art – that of defining the least bad society possible. It is in this sense that liberalism has to be understood, and understands itself, as the ‘politics of lesser evil’. By unravelling the logic that lies at the heart of the liberal project, Michea is able to shed fresh light on one of the key ideas that have shaped the civilization of the West. (shrink)

In this article, we studied the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) of the Brazilian Mercantile, Futures and Stock Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), with the main objective of analyzing the performance of sustainable investments in the Brazilian stock market, during the period from December 2005 to December 2010. To achieve this aim, we characterized ISE portfolios and we compared its performance with the IBOVESPA (representing the market portfolio) and other BM&FBOVESPA sectoral indices. In the performance comparison, we used level of liquidity, return and risk (...) indicators, as well as the following measures: Sharpe, Treynor, Sortino, and Omega. Our results show that although sustainable investments have presented some interesting characteristics, such as increasing liquidity and low diversifiable risk, they did not achieve satisfactory financial performance in the analysis period. This indicates that the constraints imposed by this type of investment in capital allocation in Brazil may be harming their return and risk attractiveness. (shrink)

. Scientists, for the most part, want to get it right. However, the social structures that govern their work undermine that aim, and this leads to nonreplicable findings in many fields. Because the social structure of science is a decentralized system, it is difficult to intervene. In this article, I discuss how we might do so, focusing on self-corrective-labor schemes. First, I argue that we need to implement a scheme that makes replication work outcome independent, systematic, and sustainable. Second, I (...) use these three criteria to evaluate extant proposals, which place the responsibility for replication on original researchers, consumers of their research, students, or many labs. Third, on the basis of a philosophical analysis of the reward system of science and the benefits of the division of cognitive labor, I propose a scheme that satisfies the criteria better: the professional scheme. This scheme has two main components. First, the scientific community is organized into two groups: discovery researchers, who produce new findings, and confirmation researchers, whose primary function is to do confirmation work. Second, a distinct reward system is established for confirmation researchers so that their career advancement is separated from whether they obtain positive experimental results. (shrink)

Replicability is widely taken to ground the epistemic authority of science. However, in recent years, important published findings in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences have failed to replicate, suggesting that these fields are facing a “replicability crisis.” For philosophers, the crisis should not be taken as bad news but as an opportunity to do work on several fronts, including conceptual analysis, history and philosophy of science, research ethics, and social epistemology. This article introduces philosophers to these discussions. First, I (...) discuss precedents and evidence for the crisis. Second, I discuss methodological, statistical, and social-structural factors that have contributed to the crisis. Third, I focus on the philosophical issues raised by the crisis. Finally, I discuss proposed solutions and highlight the gaps that philosophers could focus on. (shrink)

This book provides an up to date, high-level exchange on God in a uniquely productive style. Readers witness a contemporary version of a classic debate, as two professional philosophers seek to learn from each other while making their cases for their distinct positions. In their dialogue, Joshua Rasmussen and Felipe Leon examine classical and cutting-edge arguments for and against a theistic explanation of general features of reality. The book also provides original lines of thought based on the authors’ own (...) contributions to the field, and offers a productive and innovative inquiry into on one of the biggest questions people ask: what is the ultimate explanation of things? (shrink)

This article investigates the relationship between emotional sharing and the extended mind thesis. We argue that shared emotions are socially extended emotions that involve a specific type of constitutive integration between the participating individuals’ emotional experiences. We start by distinguishing two claims, the Environmentally Extended Emotion Thesis and the Socially Extended Emotion Thesis. We then critically discuss some recent influential proposals about the nature of shared emotions. Finally, in Sect. 3, we motivate two conditions that an account of shared emotions (...) ought to accommodate: Reciprocal Other-awareness and Integration. Consideration of and discussion of relational accounts of joint attention lead us to the proposal that a construal of socially extended emotions in terms of a constitutive integration of the participating individuals’ experiences is more promising than proposals that simply appeal to various forms of social situatedness, embeddedness, or scaffolding. (shrink)

Immigration, one of the most important contemporary phenomena, coupled with political and social factors that generate a series of imaginary social around the immigrant's own transit and immigration. This essay intends to approach the issue from a comprehensive perspective, analyzing the pillars of the host society, while giving prominence to the vision of an immigrant. To do so, it addresses the characteristics of the process, the definition of social imaginary, the elements of conflict and risk endured by the immigrant, the (...) construction of ethnic identity, the quest for new imaginary, associations as imaginary spaces emerging, the role of the state. (shrink)

O retorno do conceito de desobediência civil ao centro da teoria política contemporânea mostra-se marcado por debates intensos entre posições plurais e frequentemente conflitantes. O recente livro de William Scheuerman, Civil Disobedience, expressa de forma exemplar as disputas existentes ao longo dos desenvolvimentos históricos desse conceito, reconstruindo os traços particulares de diferentes vertentes interpretativas da desobediência civil e salientando seus principais embates e controvérsias. O presente artigo dedica-se à avaliação do modo como Scheuerman descreve e discute uma dessas vertentes particulares, (...) o chamado modelo democrático, que encontraria em Hannah Arendt e Jürgen Habermas seus principais expoentes teóricos. Busca-se questionar as principais críticas dirigidas pelo autor à elaboração arendtiana do conceito e seu suposto aperfeiçoamento na obra de Habermas. Ao final, defende-se que em sua apresentação da trajetória histórica dessa vertente, Scheuerman expressa, ainda que implicitamente, suas próprias preferências teóricas mais substantivas, as quais serão aqui contestadas em nome de uma reinterpretação do modelo deliberativo de Habermas à luz do conceito de desobediência civil proposto por Arendt, no qual encontramos um vínculo mais acentuado entre democracia e transformação social. (shrink)

The experimental interventions that provide evidence of causal relations are notably similar to those that provide evidence of constitutive relevance relations. In the first two sections, I show that this similarity creates a tension: there is an inconsistent triad between Woodward’s popular interventionist theory of causation, Craver’s mutual manipulability account of constitutive relevance in mechanisms, and a variety of arguments for the incoherence of inter-level causation. I argue for an interpretation of the views in which the tension is merely apparent. (...) I propose to explain inter-level relations without inter-level causation by appealing to the notion of fat-handed interventions, and an argument against inter-level causation which dissolves the problem. (shrink)

At the end of the first half of the XVI century, Vitoria worked on the problem of the legitimacy of the conquest of America, developing a series of statements about fair war. An important number of his investigations were focused on the possible justification of a war enterprise, motivated by th..

Este artículo explora una vía para pensar en una individualidad de las cosas cotidianas desde aquel modo de ser que Heidegger denominó ser-a-la-mano. Para ello proponemos un diálogo entre sus tesis sobre la significatividad del mundo y las consideraciones de Wilhelm Schapp sobre las cosas-para. A partir de Heidegger, se expondrá la individualidad física objetual como resultado de lamera presencia espacial. Luego, abordaremos al útil según el para-algo que constituye el sentido de la situación. Las consideraciones de Schapp contribuirán a (...) entender que las cosas han de ser abordadas desde su pertenencia situacional, y no desde la actividad corporal y perceptiva de un sujeto. Desde esta perspectiva, y en contraposición con la materia física, la dimensión material de las cosas cotidianas será entendida como “de algo”. Así, desde Heidegger y Schapp proponemos un concepto de materialidad situacional de carácter histórico como la singularización de las cosas cotidianas y que proponemos como una vía para indagar su individualidad inmediata. Palabras clave: Materia, mera presencia espacial, ser-a-la-mano, Heidegger, Schapp. (shrink)

RESUMEN A partir de los análisis de la cosa perceptiva en la obra de Husserl, se indagará el mundo material como suelo en el cual nuestra vida práctica se sostiene. A partir de sus objeciones al empirismo de Locke, se cuestiona la certeza de la actitud natural sobre la aceptación de una realidad autónoma, para rebatir la noción de un mundo en sí que nos afecta. De este modo, un examen del mundo fenoménico señala que su materia es una dimensión (...) no homogénea ni completa, subrayando una estable variación de las cosas. Con ello, se detecta una ambigüedad esencial según la cual estas se nos ofrecen como apoyo de nuestra praxis. ABSTRACT From Husserl's analysis of the thing perceived, the material world will be investigated as the ground where our practical life is sustained. From Husserl's objections to Locke's Empiricism, the certainty of the natural attitude about the acceptance of an autonomous reality will be questioned, to refute the notion of a world in itself that affects us. Thus, an examination of the phenomenical world will point out that its matter is a non-homogeneous and non-complete dimension, by stressing a stable variation of things. This will reveal an essential ambiguity, according to which the things are offered to us as support for our praxis. (shrink)

El narcotráfico no es una realidad nueva en España, pero sí carecía de producciones culturales tales como novelas, series de televisión, películas y piezas musicales tan comunes como populares en América Latina. En la última década la narcocultura comenzó a cimentar en España, con especial énfasis en Galicia. En efecto, al menos a nivel simbólico Galicia ocupa el sitio protagónico como epicentro del narcotráfico. ¿Cómo es representado el narcotráfico en Galicia? ¿Existen diferencias sustanciales entre las narcoficciones gallegas y las latinoamericanas? (...) Este trabajo responde a estas preguntas desde la formulación de tres tesis relacionas con la violencia y el consumo. (shrink)

A zombie world is a possible world in which all the microphysical truths are identical to the truths in our world, but no one is phenomenally conscious. A zombie is an individual in a possible world whose microphysical truths are identical to the microphysical truths of an individual in our world, but who has none of the phenomenal conscious experiences of the individual in our world. An inverted is an individual in a possible world whose microphysical truths are not only (...) identical to the microphysical truths of an individual in our world, but who also has phenomenal conscious experiences. These experiences, however, are qualitatively different from the ones of the individual in our world. The first premise of Chalmers’ conceivability argument against materialism is that a zombie world, a zombie and an inverted are ideally conceivable. This paper rejects this premise in claiming that: given that current physics does not allow philosophers to establish a clear concept of the physical that could be opposed to something else non-physical, a zombie world, a zombie and an inverted are merely prima facie, but not ideally conceivable. This objection is called the Obscurity of the Physical Objection.Key-words: Zombies, qualia, conceivability, possibility, physics. (shrink)

This collection highlights the new trend away from rationalism and toward empiricism in the epistemology of modality. Accordingly, the book represents a wide range of positions on the empirical sources of modal knowledge. Readers will find an introduction that surveys the field and provides a brief overview of the work, which progresses from empirically-sensitive rationalist accounts to fully empiricist accounts of modal knowledge. Early chapters focus on challenges to rationalist theories, essence-based approaches to modal knowledge, and the prospects for naturalizing (...) modal epistemology. The middle chapters present positive accounts that reject rationalism, but which stop short of advocating exclusive appeal to empirical sources of modal knowledge. The final chapters mark a transition toward exclusive reliance on empirical sources of modal knowledge. They explore ways of making similarity-based, analogical, inductive, and abductive arguments for modal claims based on empirical information. Modal epistemology is coming into its own as a field, and this book has the potential to anchor a new research agenda. (shrink)

Scientists are becoming increasingly aware of a “replicability crisis” in the behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. Researchers have made progress identifying statistical and methodological...

. Este artículo se propone discutir las dificultades que pertenecen al ejercicio de pensarnos en cuanto corporales. Guía de estas reflexiones son los índices heideggerianos sobre la corporalidad humana realizados en Zollikoner Seminare. Dichos seminarios advierten que la actual experiencia de nuestro cuerpo, pese a poder ser estimada como inmediata, se halla mediada por nuestros propios supuestos epocales y se enraiza ya en el pensar ontológico de Occidente. Así, este artículo intentará examinar las aporías filosóficas de tal mediación histórico-epocal, exponiendo (...) la reflexión heideggeriana del cuerpo desde el claro del ser (Lichtung) como una respuesta a la idea tradicional de subjetividad fundada en la noción de “mera presencia” (Vorhandenheit). (shrink)

O artigo explora diferentes sentidos da privacidade e sua relação com o modelo discursivo de democracia radical desenvolvido por Jürgen Habermas em Facticidade e validade (1992), dedicando-se a pensá-la não apenas como componente normativo de uma concepção exigente de Estado democrático de direito, mas também como instrumento voltado à identificação e crítica de patologias democráticas contemporâneas.